Multi-function, multi-memory, programmable scientific calculator.

SYNTAX:
For text mode operation: mcalc [math expression] | [-i <input filename>][-o <output filename>]
For GUI mode operation: qmcalc

- [math expression] is any valid mathematical expression containing numeric values, arithmetic operators, brackets, function calls, commands, program execution calls, variable names, constant names or string literals.
brackets: {, }, [, ], (, )
function calls: Sin, Tan, Cos, Arcsin, Arctan, Arccos, Sinh, Cosh, Tanh, Sqr, Sqrt, Cube, Cubert, Exp, Log, Log10, Ceil, Floor, Abs, FracPart, IntPart, Rnd, Comb, Perm, CombRep, PermRep, ItemPerm, ItemComb, ItemPermRep, ItemCombRep, Min, Max, Deriv, Deriv2, Integ, Rand, Inv, Solve, Intersect, Fmin, Fmax, MatSolve, Round, Frac, ToHex, ToOct, ToBin, ToCmp2Bin, FromHex, FromOct, FromBin, FromCmp2Bin, PolToRecX, PolToRecY, RecToPolR, RecToPolA, Sum, Prod, AvgMean, AvgMed, AvgMode, StdDev, Set, SetUni, SetInt, SetDif, SetXDif
arithmetic operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, @=, Not, And, Or, Xor, <, >, <=, >=, ==, !=, +, -, *, /, @, ^, %, Fact, E
commands: Show, ShowSet, Eval, Precision, GetPrecision, Mode, DumpVars, GraphAllPts, SetRecur, GraphPrec, Help, Version, History
program execution calls: exec <program name>
variable names: $A ... $Z, ANS, ANSSTR, FRACANS
constant names: PI, E
string literals: "hello", "world"
numeric values: 10, -3, 450.231, 4.52e3, 4527.5e-3 (e for scientific notation)

Variables from $A through $Z can also be used to store results from math operations. The information stored in these variables can be later used in place of numeric values in a math expression, in which case the value currently stored in the variable location will be substituted into the math expression before the evaluation of the expression takes place. In addition to numeric values these variables can also store string values such as "hello world" or "$B^2". Concatenation of strings can be performed using the append operator +=, so if $A currently contains "x^2 + 2*x", $A += " + 4" would set $A to contain "x^2 + 2*x + 4". String comparisons between different string variables can be performed using the comparison operators ==, !=, <=, >=, <, >. Literal strings like "hello" must first be put into string variables before the string comparison operators can be used. The contents stored within string variables can be evaluated as a mathematical expression by using the EVAL command. For example: the variable $A can contain the string "$B^2" and the command EVAL($A) would give the result of the contents currently stored in the variable $B squared.

Also, variable assignments can accept pasted text from the desktop environment clipboard. The evaluated results will be stored in the variable or the pasted expression can be stored in the variable in the form of a string (enclosed in " ") that can be evaluated later using the EVAL command.

Note: to avoid infinite recursion which will stall the program, evaluation of variables names within string variables will by default be evaluated up to 26 levels deep. This means that you can nest variable names such as $B within another variable like $A and continue on with another variable name nested within $B and so on, up to 26 levels deep of nesting. The program will simply refuse to process expressions that nest variables more than the set recursion limit and display an error message. To increase or decrease the recursion limit, use the command "Set Recur=" with the desired limit placed after the equal sign.

Note: hexadecimal and octal based arithmetic can also be performed. All hexadecimal and octal input values must be integers only. Note when entering hexadecimal values a "0x" prefix must be entered before the actual hex digits. When entering octal values a "0" prefix must be entered before the actual octal digits. To avoid confusion and unnecessary complexity when processing math expressions, hexadecimal and octal values are only valid for the following functions, variables, constants and operators:

Note: With the graphical calculator you can enter directly into the text editor window by clicking on it and entering your information from the keyboard. This is useful for when you want to type in characters not found on the calculator keypad.

• NOT
• AND
• OR
• XOR
• <
• >
• <=
• >=
• ==
• !=
• +
• -
• *
• /
• @
• FROMHEX
• TOHEX
• FROMOCT
• TOOCT
• FROMBIN
• TOBIN
• FROMCMP2BIN
• TOCMP2BIN
• MIN
• MAX
• SET
• SETUNI
• SETINT
• SETDIF
• SETXDIF
• ITEMPERM
• ITEMCOMB
• ITEMCOMBREP
• ITEMPERMREP
• =
• |=
• &=
• +=
• -=
• *=
• /=
• @=
• ^
• %
• FACT
• (
• )
• [
• ]
• {
• }
• $A...$Z
• ANS
• ANSSTR

The purpose of each operator or function are as follows:

=

assignment into any one of 26 variables: $A to $Z.

+=

add results of math operation to specified variable and store results into variable, or in the case of string variables append another string to what is currently stored.

-=

subtract results of math operation from specified variable and store results into variable.

*=

multiply results of math operation to specified variable and store results into variable.

/=

divide results of math operation from specified variable and store results into variable.

@=

modulus results of math operation from specified variable and store results into variable.

&=

"AND" results of math operation from specified variable and store results into variable. Does bitwise "AND" of octal and hexadecimal values.

|=

"OR" results of math operation from specified variable and store results into variable. Does bitwise "OR" of octal and hexadecimal values.

%

percent of number or divide number by 100.

ToHex

Conversion from decimal (base 10) to hexadecimal (base 16) form.

ToOct

Conversion from decimal (base 10) to octal (base 8) form.

ToBin

Conversion from decimal (base 10) to binary (base 2) form.

ToCmp2Bin

Conversion from decimal (base 10) to two's complement binary (base 2) form.

FromHex

Conversion from hexadecimal (base 16) to decimal (base 10) form.

FromOct

Conversion from octal (base 8) to decimal (base 10) form.

FromBin

Conversion from binary (base 2) to decimal (base 10) form.

FromCmp2Bin

Conversion from two's complement binary (base 2) to decimal (base 10) form.

+

Add

-

Subtract

*

Multiply

/

Divide

@

Modulus

^

To the power of

<

Less than (in either numeric or alphabetical order).

>

Greater than (in either numeric or alphabetical order).

<=

Less than or equal (in either numeric or alphabetical order).

>=

Greater than or equal (in either numeric or alphabetical order).

==

Equal (in either numeric or alphabetical order).

!=

Not equal (in either numeric or alphabetical order).

Not

Logical not (bitwise not for octal and hexadecimal values).

And

Logical and (bitwise and for octal and hexadecimal values).

Or

Logical or (bitwise or for octal and hexadecimal values).

Xor

Logical exclusive or (bitwise exclusive or for octal and hexadecimal values).

Sin

Sine

Tan

Tangent

Cos

Cosine

ArcSin

ArcSine or Reverse Sine

ArcTan

ArcTangent or Reverse Tangent

ArcCos

ArcCosine or Reverse Cosine

Sinh

Hyperbolic Sine

Cosh

Hyperbolic Cosine

Tanh

Hyperbolic Tangent

RecToPolr

Rectangular to Polar Return Radius

RecToPola

Rectangular to Polar Return Angle

PolToRecx

Polar to Rectangular Return X

PolToRecy

Polar To Rectangular Return Y

E

Scientific notation

Min

Minimum of two numbers or a range of numbers

Max

Maximum of two numbers or a range of numbers

Deriv

Derivative

Deriv2

Second Derivative

Integ

Integral

Solve

Root Solving

Intersect

Find points of intersection

Fmin

Function Minimum

Fmax

Function Maximum

MatSolve

Solve system of linear equations put in matrix-vector form

Sqr

Square

Sqrt

Square root

Cube

Cube

Cubert

Cube root

Exp

Exponent of E

Log

Natural logarithm

Log10

Logarithm of 10

Ceil

Ceiling

Floor

Floor

Rand

Random Number

Inv

Multiplicative Inverse

Frac

Fraction arithmetic

Sum

Cumulative sum of a series of numbers, file name input accepted

Prod

Cumulative product of a series of numbers, file name input accepted

AvgMean

Mean average of a series of numbers, file name input accepted

AvgMed

Median average of a series of numbers

AvgMode

Mode average of a series of numbers

StdDev

Standard deviation of a series of numbers, file name input accepted

Graph

Plot graph of expression (not available in text mode)

Graph fmin(...)

Plot graph of minimum of an expression (not available in text mode)

Graph fmax(...)

Plot graph of maximum of an expression (not available in text mode)

Graph deriv(...)

Plot graph of derivative of an expression (not available in text mode)

Graph derive2(...)

Plot graph of 2nd derivative of an expression (not available in text mode)

Graph integ(...)

Plot graph of integral of an expression (not available in text mode)

Graph solve(...)

Plot graph of a root of an expression (not available in text mode)

Graph intersect(...)

Plot graph of points of intersection of expression(s) (not available in text mode)

Trace (click on trace button)

Function tracing feature which allows for graphically tracing each plotted data point for each function plotted on the graph. The function tracing command include the following features:

• additional clicks on the trace button will put trace point at the beginning of each graph
• clicking the clear button will exit trace mode
• blue will be used for color of function trace point.
• coordinates will appear and change on function plotter window corresponding to the coordinate currently at the trace point.
• use arrow keys to move the trace point on the function graph while in trace mode
• PageUp/PageDown keys for moving whole number distances at a time while in trace mode
• the enter button will toggle between end points of function graph while in trace mode

Round

Round to the specified exponent

Rnd

Round to nearest integer

Abs

Absolute value

FracPart

Fractional part of number

IntPart

Integer part of number

Fact

Factorial

Comb

Combination

Perm

Permutation

CombRep

Combination with repetition

PermRep

Permutation with repetition

Set

Create A Positive Integer Set

SetUni

Set Union

SetInt

Set Intersection

SetDif

Set Difference

SetXDif

Symmetric Set Difference

ItemComb

List combinations of items

ItemPerm

List permutations of items

ItemCombRep

List combinations with repetition of items

ItemPermRep

List permutations with repetition of items

Eval

Evaluation of the contents of string variables

Show

Show the contents of string variables including the contents of any variables nested within them

ShowSet

Show the contents of string variables containing a positive integer set in set notation. If the string variable given does not contain a set recognized in set notation then a *** Not A Set *** message will be displayed

Mode=

Set the angle unit to either radians or degrees

Precision=

Set the unit precision to float, double, long double or longnum

GetPrecision

Show the unit precision details

DumpVars

Display the contents of all variables: $A-$Z, ans, ansstr, fracans

GraphAllPts

Sets calculator to graph all points even for those points approaching -inf and +inf in plot mode when this is set to true. If set to false the calculator will show small red points as -inf or +inf for points approaching infinity.

SetRecur=

Set the variable nesting limit when using the Eval or Show commands

GraphPrec=

Set the default graphing interval precision for graphing functions which defaults to .0001 if not explicitly set.

Help

Show this help screen

Exec

Execution of pre-written calculator program files, click for more information on writing and running calculator programs

Version

Shows the current software version number.

History

Shows command history list (1 to 50 stored commands).

The following constants and answer variables are also available:

PI

Pi constant set to the precision of the current precision unit

E

E natural exponent set to the precision of the current precision unit

ANS

Decimal answer to the evaluated expression

ANSSTR

Literal, octal or hexadecimal answer to the evaluated expression

FRACANS

Fraction answer to the evaluated expression

Entering "quit" from the interactive prompt will stop the programn This help message will be displayed by entering "help" on the program's interactive prompt or by specifying --help as an argument on the shell command line.
Function specific help will be displayed by entering "help" <name of function> on the shell command line. For example: "help deriv" will display a help screen specific to the derivative command. Functions that do not have specific help screens are simple and self explanatory from the general help screen. Help documentation can be accessed in graphics mode by clicking on the help button on the calculator interface. Function specific help can be accessed in graphics mode by clicking on the link for each calculator command.

different angle units can be specified by entering: mode=radian or mode=degree
different precision units can be specified by entering: precision=float, precision=double, precision=longdouble or precision=longnum

with each unit having a digit precision of:

• Float (7-digit precision)
• Double (15-digit precision)
• Long Double (19-digit precision)
• Long Number (arbitrary precision)

Each precision unit: float, double, long double, long number is actually an individual calculator and each calculator has its own set of 26 letter variables for DECIMAL value storage, excluding string variables which are shared globally. By default all variables of a calculator are transferred over to the new calculator after a precision unit change.
Alternatively you can choose not to do this and have each calculator preserve its own set of decimal variables by specifying ",keepvars" after the precision unit name in the precision command. example: precision=longnum,keepvars which will skip tranferring variables from the previous calculator to the long number calculator.

Warning: when you use base conversion commands: ToHex, ToOct, ToBin, ToCmp2Bin, FromHex, FromOct, FromBin, FromCmp2Bin
any assignment to variables: $A...$Z will assign to the long number calculator variables as well as the variables in the currently used calculator

• Note: because the Long Number unit is custom designed and developed and not an inherent part of the programming language used to developed this application, calculations involving Long Number units depending on the complexity of the operations or functions may take a significantly longer time to complete than those involving Floats, Doubles, or Long Doubles.
• Note: because of performance and speed issues Long Number operations and functions involving matrices, statistics, trigonometry, roots, natural logarithms and exponents will be using long double precision (19-digit precision) instead of arbitrary precision.

where <prec> can be any one of:

• "flt": specifying float,
• "dbl": specifying double,
• "ldbl": specifying long double,
• "lnum": specifying long number

where <angle> can be any one of:

• "rad": specifying radian
• "deg": specifying degree

The arguments to the program can be entered directly from the command line or from an input file. Alternatively mcalc can be run interactively by typing mcalc on the command line without any arguments. While in interactive mode command line continuation for long commands which spans more than one line can be accomplished by entering the back slash character "\\" at the end of a line. The continuation character is not required in graphics mode and commands may span multiple lines with the "Enter" key pressed to indicate the end of a command. Pre-written calculator program files can also be loaded and executed either interactively or from an input file enter "help exec" for more information on writing and running calculator programs.

When entering from an input file enter the name of the input file after the program name and "-i". Each line of the input file should contain the same arguments that you would normally type from the command line to perform the calculation.

• NOTE: all expressions within input files must indicate termination by entering a semi-colon ";". Comments in input files can be specified by starting a line with a hash mark "#". Comment lines or blocks of comment lines must also indicate termination with a semi-colon.
• Optionally, a short one line description of the input file can be written at the beginning of the input file to provide a short description in the table of available calculator programs shown in the GUI version of the calculator. The description line must start with "# description=" before the actual description phrase in order for the program to recognize it as a description line.
• Qmcalc will reserve the following characters to use in calculator script files for special purposes: : ; # = &
  So in comment lines that are indicated with the "#" character at the start of the line, some specific characters must be replaced with their associated escape sequences for qmcalc to recognize and process them correctly:
  
  To display these characters while reading from a calculator script file ".prg" or input data file ".in", the following escape sequences must be used instead:
  
  
  • &amp; or &#38; for the ampersand character: &
  • &sc; or &#59; for the semicolon character: ;
  • &hash; or &#35; for the number sign or hash character: #
  • &col; or &#58; for the colon character: :
  • &eq; or &#61; for the equal character: =

Metric to English unit conversions

Area and volume of common shapes

Calculator test programs and input files

Program Options

Option to run input data files in GUI mode: